Located in the heart of Jaipur’s bustling streets, Hawa Mahal is one of India’s most recognizable and photographed monuments. Its pink sandstone facade, intricately designed with latticework and small windows, rises like a crown on the skyline of Jaipur. The five-story palace was specifically designed to allow the royal women, who followed the purdah system, to observe daily street activities and processions without being seen. Its unique architecture ensures that cool breezes circulate through the palace, making it a refreshing retreat during the hot Rajasthani summers—hence the name “Palace of Winds.”
History of Hawa Mahal
Hawa Mahal Jaipur, also known as the Palace of Winds, was built in 1799 by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh, the ruler of Jaipur and a member of the Kachwaha Rajput dynasty. The palace was primarily constructed as an extension to the City Palace, specifically designed to allow the royal women of the Zenana (women’s quarters) to observe the daily life and grand processions on the streets of Jaipur without being seen, adhering to the strict purdah system of the time.
Architecture of Hawa Mahal Jaipur
The architecture of Jaipur Hawa Mahal, or the Palace of Winds, is a stunning example of the fusion of Rajput and Mughal architectural styles. Designed by Lal Chand Ustad in 1799, the five-story palace was commissioned by Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh to serve as an extension of the City Palace. Its unique facade, honeycomb-like structure, and exquisite design make it one of Jaipur’s most iconic landmarks.
Here’s a closer look at the architectural elements that make Hawa Mahal Jaipur a marvel:
Exterior of Hawa Mahal: The Iconic Honeycomb Structure
Design and Layout:
The most striking feature of Jaipur Hawa Mahal is its elaborate exterior, which resembles a beehive or honeycomb. They composed it of 953 small windows, or jharokhas, intricately decorated with latticework. This design allows air to circulate through the palace, creating a cooling effect, especially during the hot summers of Rajasthan. The building is constructed from red and pink sandstone, blending harmoniously with the other structures in Jaipur, known as the Pink City.
Purpose:
The jharokhas served a dual purpose—they provided the royal women with privacy while allowing them to observe the daily street life and royal processions below, adhering to the strict purdah system. The tiny Hawa Mahal windows also kept the palace cool by allowing breezes to flow through, which gave the building its name, Hawa Mahal, meaning “Palace of Winds.”
The exterior design of Hawa Mahal is like a crown of Krishna
Inspiration:
The exterior design of Jaipur Hawa Mahal is said to resemble the crown of Lord Krishna, the Hindu deity. Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh was a devotee of Krishna, and this architectural inspiration is reflected in the curvature and structure of the palace. The pyramidal shape of Hawa Mahal Jaipur resembles a royal crown, symbolizing devotion and spirituality.
Rajput and Mughal Fusion in Hawa Mahal Jaipur
Rajput Elements:
The architecture of Hawa Mahal Jaipur has strong influences of Rajput design, most notably seen in the chhatris (domed pavilions), arches, and floral motifs. Rajput architecture is characterized by its use of decorative elements like jharokhas and the elevated platforms that offer expansive views, allowing the residents to observe their surroundings discreetly.
Mughal Elements:
The intricate latticework, also known as jaali, and the fine detailing on the windows and balconies reflect Mughal influence. Mughal architecture is renowned for its ornamental elegance, and Hawa Mahal Jaipur incorporates this with its elaborate stonework, symmetrical patterns, and the blending of art with function. The arched doorways and windows are also a hallmark of Mughal design.
The Five-Story Structure of Hawa Mahal Jaipur
Height and Layout:
Hawa Mahal Jaipur is five stories high but surprisingly narrow in depth. The first two floors have courtyards, while the upper three floors consist of small chambers and narrow passages. Because there are no strong foundations, each floor narrows as it rises, giving the structure the appearance of being lightweight. The curving design overcame this architectural challenge and offered stability.
Open-air Viewpoints:
The top three floors are designed more as viewing galleries, providing panoramic views of Jantar Mantar, City Palace, and the bustling streets of Sireh Deori Bazaar. These floors are connected by ramps rather than staircases, making movement easier for the women and elderly.
The Ventilation System of Hawa Mahal Jaipur
Cooling Effect:
One of the most remarkable aspects of the Jaipur Hawa Mahal’s design is its natural ventilation system. The numerous windows and jharokhas allow cool air to pass through the structure, creating a wind-chill effect even during the peak summer months. This feature, combined with the shaded interiors, made the palace a perfect retreat for the royal women during the hot Rajasthani summers.
No Front Entrance of Hawa Mahal
Side Access:
Hawa Mahal Jaipur does not have a front entrance. Visitors access the palace from a door located on the side of the structure, connecting it directly to the City Palace complex. This design ensured that the royal women could enter and exit discreetly, maintaining the privacy dictated by the purdah system.
The Courtyard of Hawa Mahal
Inner Space:
Inside Hawa Mahal, there is a large courtyard surrounded by double-storied buildings. This open space contrasts sharply with the intricately carved and ventilated exterior, providing a spacious area for private gatherings and royal activities. The courtyard’s simple design complements the elaborate front facade.
Inside Structure of Hawa Mahal’s Five Stories
The “Palace of Winds,” is a five-story architectural marvel with a uniquely narrow interior layout. Unlike many traditional palaces, it’s design is not focused on grand rooms or luxurious courtyards but rather on maximizing ventilation, privacy, and views. Each floor tapers as it rises, giving the palace a pyramid-like shape, and the structure is primarily composed of small chambers and passages.
Here’s an overview of each of the five stories:
Sharad Mandir (First Floor)
Purpose:
The first floor, known as Sharad Mandir, was primarily used for festive celebrations. The royal family often hosted special gatherings and celebrations here, particularly during the autumn season, when festivals like Sharad Utsav were held.
Design:
The floor has arched doorways, decorative pillars, and small windows that overlook the bustling streets below. The design is simple yet elegant, serving as a private space for the royal family to enjoy performances or ceremonies.
Ratan Mandir (Second Floor)
Purpose:
The second floor is called Ratan Mandir and was also used for royal gatherings. This floor, like the first, allowed the royal women to observe the processions and activities below while maintaining their privacy.
Design:
It features vibrant colored glass work and intricate jali (lattice) designs. The jharokhas (small windows) on this floor are detailed with beautiful carvings, creating a visual treat when sunlight filters through them, casting colorful patterns on the floor.
Vichitra Mandir (Third Floor)
Purpose:
The third floor, Vichitra Mandir, is said to have been a space dedicated to the worship of Lord Krishna. Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh, who commissioned Palace of Winds, was a devout follower of Lord Krishna, and this floor was used for prayers and religious activities.
Design:
The chambers on this floor are smaller and more private. The design is more modest compared to the lower floors, with less emphasis on decoration but still maintaining intricate lattice work that allows for constant air circulation.
Prakash Mandir (Fourth Floor)
Purpose:
The fourth floor, Prakash Mandir, gets its name from the word “Prakash,” meaning light. This floor offers open spaces with unobstructed access to sunlight and breezes, making it a bright and airy part of the palace.
Design:
The floor has open terraces on either side, with small viewing galleries. It is designed to allow ample light and air to enter, creating a comfortable space. This floor was primarily used by the royal family to enjoy panoramic views of Jantar Mantar, City Palace, and the vibrant streets of Sireh Deori Bazaar.
Hawa Mandir (Fifth Floor)
Purpose:
The fifth and final floor is known as Hawa Mandir and is the pinnacle of the palace, offering the best views of the city and the surrounding hills. This floor was used mainly for observation and relaxation, providing a peaceful retreat for the royal women.
Design:
Being the highest point of the structure, it is the smallest of all the floors. The floor is characterized by small, enclosed chambers and balconies that provide a breathtaking view of Jaipur’s skyline. The latticework on this floor is the finest, allowing the cool breezes to circulate and keeping the chambers cool even in the peak of summer.
Hawa Mahal Timing
The Hawa Mahal Timing is from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M.
Hawa Mahal Ticket Price
- Hawa Mahal Tickets For Indians—50 rs
- Hawa Mahal Entry Fee For Indian Students—10 rs
- Hawa Mahal Jaipur Ticket Price For Foreigners—200 rs
How to reach Hawa Mahal
This Place is located in the main city of Jaipur at Badi Chopar. You can easily reach by your private transportation or by public transportation. There are many public transportation options available, like buses, autos, e-rickshaws, or cabs.
Best time to visit Hawa Mahal
As Jaipur is a very hot place, the best time to visit Jaipur is between October and February.
Conclusion
Hawa Mahal Jaipur is a stunning blend of Rajput and Mughal architecture, built in 1799 to offer privacy to royal women while allowing them to observe the city. With its iconic honeycomb façade featuring 953 jharokhas, the palace provides both aesthetic beauty and practical ventilation. Inside Hawa Mahal the five stories serve different purposes, from festive gatherings to religious devotion, with small chambers and ramps designed for comfort. A true symbol of Jaipur’s heritage, Palace of Winds remains an architectural marvel and a key attraction in Rajasthan.
Near By Attraction
Jaigarh Fort – Jaigarh Fort, built in 1726 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, is located on the Aravalli hills near Jaipur. Constructed primarily as a military fortification, it was designed to protect the nearby Amer Fort and the city of Jaipur.
Nahargarh Fort – Perched on the rugged ridges of the Aravalli Hills, overlooking the city of Jaipur, Nahargarh Fort is one of the most remarkable historical monuments in Rajasthan. Alongside Amber and Jaigarh Fort, Nahargarh once formed a crucial defence ring for the Pink City.
Amber Fort – Amber Fort, a magnificent Rajput-era fortress in Jaipur, showcases stunning architecture, intricate mirror work, and grand courtyards. Overlooking Maota Lake, this UNESCO World Heritage Site offers breathtaking views, rich history, and a mesmerizing Light and Sound Show.
Jal Mahal – Jal Mahal, located in the heart of Jaipur, is one of the city’s most recognizable attractions, known for its floating beauty and unique architectural design.
Albert Hall Museum Jaipur – The Albert Hall Museum Jaipur is Rajasthan’s oldest museum, showcasing a rich collection of artifacts, including an Egyptian mummy, miniature paintings, and antique weapons.
There are 953 tiny small windows that allow wind to circulate in the palace. This small window is designed for women so that they can see outside activity without being seen in public.
The Hawa Mahal is located in the old city of Jaipur at Badi Chaupar.
Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh constructed this place in 1799. He was the grandson of Jaipur’s founder, Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh.
The pyramidal shape of Hawa Mahal, with each level curving upward to reduce weight, allows it to stay stable even without a deep base. Because of its curved exterior and lightweight red and pink sandstone construction, the building’s weight is distributed more evenly. Despite the absence of a conventional foundation, stability is ensured by the small, enclosed rooms inside that restrict structural stress.
